mammillary bodies การใช้

• Chronic cases can present the atrophy of the mammillary bodies.
• Neuroanatomists have often categorized the mammillary bodies as part of the hypothalamus.
• In spite of this the exact function of the mammillary bodies is still not clear.
• Amnesia can be a result of disconnection of the mammillary bodies from the Papez circuit.
• The mammillothalamic fasciculus then connects the mammillary body to the dorsal tegmental nuclei, the ventral tegmental nuclei, and the anterior thalamic nucleus
• The "'tuber cinereum "'is a hollow eminence of gray matter situated between the mammillary bodies and the optic chiasm.
• Temporal lobe lesions also cause transneuronal degeneration, the effects of which can be seen in the fornix, mammillary bodies, and contralateral cerebellum.
• Using magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ), the scientists discovered that people with sleep apnea have mammillary bodies that are about 20 percent smaller, particularly on the left side.
• The mammillotegmental fasciculus emerges from the principal mammillary fasciculus of the mammillary body and travels dorsally together with the mammillothalamic tract before splitting off and turning caudally to enter the spinal column.
• Mammillary body atrophy is present in a number of other conditions, such as colloid cysts in the third ventricle, Alzheimer s disease, schizophrenia, heart failure, and sleep apnea.
• Characteristics of the neuropathology are varied, but generally consist of bilaterally symmetrical midline lesions of brainstem areas, including the mammillary bodies, thalamus, periaqueductal region, hypothalamus, and the cerebellar vermis.
• However, although the hypothalamus projects to both the mammillary bodies and the anterior nuclei of the thalamus, the anterior nuclei receive input from hippocampal cells deep to the pyramidal cells projecting to the mammillary bodies.
• However, although the hypothalamus projects to both the mammillary bodies and the anterior nuclei of the thalamus, the anterior nuclei receive input from hippocampal cells deep to the pyramidal cells projecting to the mammillary bodies.
• Thiamine is essential for the decarboxylation of pyruvate, and deficiency during this metabolic process is thought to cause damage to the medial thalamus and mammillary bodies of the posterior hypothalamus, as well as generalized cerebral atrophy.
• Persons displaying lesions in the anterior thalamus, preventing input from the pathway involving the hippocampus, mammillary bodies and the MTT, display forms of amnesia, supporting the anterior thalamus's involvement in episodic memory.
• *If this is so, then why do scientist say " Brain areas such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory . " ?-- Parker007 07 : 52, 6 March 2007 ( UTC)
• The "'mammillothalamic fasciculus "'( "'mammillothalamic tract "', "'thalamomammillary fasciculus "', "'bundle of Vicq d Azyr "') arises from cells in both the medial and lateral nuclei of the mammillary body and by fibers that are directly continued from the fornix.